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Common Pitfalls in Extractables & Leachables Testing

确保塑料和橡胶化学品不会以对公众健康构成威胁的水平转移到药品中, extractables and leachables (E&L)研究是药品申报的要求.

尽管美国药典(USP)和产品质量研究所(PQRI)都发布了监管指南。, there is no prescriptive approach to these studies, which allows for some flexibility in study design. However, 这些研究的定制化也允许在研究设计中出现一些缺陷, which can lead to regulatory findings upon review. 拥有数十年成功设计和交付可提取和可浸出研究的经验, 以及为依赖Element来解决E中的缺陷的客户提供监管和科学支持&在研究设计中,我们观察到几个可以避免的常见错误,包括:

No materials selection phase

可萃取物和可浸出物的研究通常是在药物开发的后期阶段进行的. 此时,包装要么已经定型,要么已经非常接近定型. In these instances, 当可提取物高于安全关注阈值(SCT)时, 结果往往是采取一种方法来证明基于毒理学论点提高阈值限制是合理的. 虽然这种特殊的方法可能会成功,也可能不会被FDA接受, in any event, 如果在早期药物开发过程中进行可提取筛选,是否就没有必要了, prior to final material selection and supply chain arrangements. By adopting an approach to E&在早期药物开发中纳入可提取物筛选的研究设计, 药物开发人员可以很容易地从需要大量毒理学论证才能获得监管部门批准的有问题的材料中转移, which may or may not be granted.

Combination of components

一些发起人选择对组件组合执行可提取筛选,目的是节省开发时间和成本. For instance, a single study is performed on a mix of bottles, liners, caps, and labels, 而不是对每个单独的成分进行可提取的研究. 决定采用这种方法的资助者将遇到两个问题.

First and foremost, 要确定在可提取文件筛选过程中找到的可提取文件的来源和身份,要困难得多.

Second, 如果发起人选择不对单个成分进行对照提取研究,则不存在单个成分的基线数据. 缺乏单个组件的数据是一个严重的问题, 因为fda希望制造商在采购新批次时,通过对单个成分进行受控提取研究来管理供应链变化.

Reverse leachables strategy

“反向浸出研究”是一些赞助商所依赖的另一种节省时间和成本的策略. 选择采用这种策略的赞助商避免了可提取的筛查, instead moving directly to simulated leaching analyses. As a result, 然后将在提交给fda的文件中提供数据,说明相对于原料药没有观察到额外的峰值. 这种方法是有问题的,因为没有可提取的研究, 人们不知道色谱中可能出现潜在浸出液的位置, and they very well may be masked by drug product signatures.

更正确地说,可浸出方法的开发应该基于可提取的发现. 在检测寿命终止或稳定性样品之前,应验证可浸出物方法.

Lack of consideration of processing chain materials

Recently, 该机构一直高度重视与药品接触的制造部件. Initially, the focus had been on injectable drugs, but the Agency has issued findings in filings for oral solutions. 目前的期望是在生产过程中与药品接触的所有材料, although contact may be transient, must be evaluated for potential leachants. A decade ago, 客户会被告知FDA不关心不锈钢的浸出液, but that no longer holds true. 因此,即使是不锈钢储罐也必须对金属浸出进行评估.

Overly aggressive safety concern threshold calculations

When industry began addressing extractables from plastic packaging, a safety concern threshold (SCT) was established, 在此之下,人们不需要关注浸出液的致癌或非致癌作用对公共安全的影响.

From food packaging contact guidance, an SCT of 1.5 ug/day of an unknown analyte, 被认为具有致癌性和被认为具有平均致癌性, 会使人群中的癌症发病率增加百分之一吗,000 individuals. 早期的sct是为吸入药物产品开发的,出于谨慎考虑,被设定为0.15微克/天,为控制药品中的浸出液提供了一种基于风险的方法. Safety concern thresholds have increased over the years, 特别是关于低浸出风险/给药途径的低风险, leading some sponsors to argue for SCTs as high as 20 ug/day. FDA在2019年6月于贝塞斯达举行的Smithers Rapra可提取物和可浸出物会议上表示, MD, that in no case will the Agency accept SCTs higher than 5 ug/day. Thus, exceeding that level will trigger a finding upon review.

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